Vat



June 1, 1943. "r. MOJONNIER VAT Filed Jan. 9, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet l June 1, 1943.

T. MOJONNIER VAT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 9, 1942 June 1, 1943. T. MOJONNIER 2,320,531

VAT

Filed Jan. 9, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 k 1, 11.9 131 120 f M 144 ITLLKQTLET.

[Ema/Q1 7022121221" M A orn gy,

T. MOJONNIER VAT Filed Jan. 9, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inlfen or Patented June 1, 1943 VAT TimothyMojonnier, Oak Park, 111;, assignor to Mojonnier Bros. 00., a corporation of Illinois Application January 9, 1942, Serial No. 426,162

- 14 Claims.

The present invention relates to vats for treating a liquidsuch as milk. It is capable of various uses in the storing and handling of commodities but will be treated here as pertaining to the cooling of milk, and so will be described primarily in.

that connection. V,

One object of the inventionis to provide a compact vat wherein all of the cooling elements are compactly, arranged and hidden from view in r the completed structure.

paths for the refrigerant which are located within the wall of the completed vat so that the finished vat may appear clear of all but the minimum number of connections. I I

Another object is to employ headers in connection with the refrigerating tubes which shall be headers. Thus,- where ammonia is therefrigerant, it is well distributed to the cooling tubes by encountering the small holes while it isin liquid form. and thenupon becoming a gas, ora mixture of the liquid and gas, by reason of the withdrawal of heat through-the walls adjacent to the refrigerating tubes from the contained commodity, it'

passes freely through the large openings provided at the outlet end. 7

Another object has to do with the removal of foreign matter from the refrigerant. In most refrigerating systems employing compressors, the lubricating oil works its way past the piston and contaminates the refrigerant. One object is to remove this oil. Other foreign matter, may be removed at the same time. The oil is heavier than the refrigerant and so when the refrigerant mixed'with the oil comes to rest, the oil may be collected in a trap and drawn off. And a blowof! cock is further provided at the forward end of :the inlet header to remove any of the objectionable matter that may have collected therein.

. .Another object is to provide an efficient and highly sanitary vat which will comply with all the legal requirements of public health boards and the like.

These and other objects and features of the in- To this end, I employ.

horizontal and in the other the axis of the vat is vertical.

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the novel vat of the first form, parts being shown in section and parts broken away for clearness, together with refrigcrating apparatus and connections shown in diagram, all in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the surge drum and its controls, at one end of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the vat, parts being broken away to illustrate the construction, and the surge drum being shown in 'full. Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal section similar to that shown in Fig. 3 but upon a larger scale. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view illustrating the vat structure where the vertical refrigerant channels and one of the outlet headers meet, the plane of section being indicated by the line 55 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a similar view illustrating the parts in horizontal section, the plane of section beingindicated by the line 66 of Fig. 3'. Fig. '7 is a detail of the vat at the opposite end of the refrigerant channels, the plane of section being indicated by the line 'l'--'| of Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a similar detail view illustrating the inlet header in association with the vertical, or upright, refrigerant channels, the plane of section being indicated by the line 88 of Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a. vertical section through the float valve employed in the surge drum. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the end of the vat showing particularly the position of the inlet pipes. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a vat of the second form, having a vertical axis instead of a horizontal one, parts being broken away to 20 having ends 2!.

indicate the interior. Fig. 12 is a vertical section through the inlet pipe and-the outlet pipe illustrating the structure of this form of the invention more in detail. And Fig. 13 is an elevational'view illustrating a portion of the structure in detail with its several parts broken away to show the construction. Throughout these views like characters refer to like parts.

Referring to the drawings in detaihandat first to the first form of the invention. which comprises a vat having a horizontal axis, it maybe noted that the vat comprises aninner and outer shell. The inner shell is composed of a cylinder These parts are welded together as a whole to make up the shell. The outer shell includes a cylinder 22 which is concentric with the cylinder 20 and provided with ends 23. The ends 23 and the cylinder 22 are secured together by welding. Ordinarily, the shells are spaced apart and the axes of the cylinders are coincident and slightly inclined. downward to- 'with a minimum of agitation. "This milk pipe is 7 devices.

clearly shown inFig. 3.

. end, and passes through a thimble 39 at its upper end. Within the latter, it is connected by a coupling sleeve 44 to the short shaft length 41 of the reduction gear 4|. This gear is driven by an electricmotor 40. The motor 40 and the gear tated.- A suitable oil hat 43 is located upon the extend around the tank in semicircular fashion.

-cured,preferably by welding, to the cylinder 20.

ward the front. Where the outlet valve 24 is located, the two sheets ofv material are brought together. This is at the froward end of the vat and positioned so as to completely drain the vat of its contents. The valve 24 is provided with an operating handle 25.

Heat insulation 26 is located within the space between'the two shells, as we shall see later. This space also accommodates the refrigerant conducting means as we shall presently point out. The vat is also provided with a manhole 21, by which it may be entered for cleaning. In addition, there is alsoa milk inlet fitting 28, which is turned at its outlet toward the adjacent shell wall 2| so as to cause the milk to-enter the vat introduced through a thimble opening 29 in the adjacent portion of the vat wall and'is provided with a closing gap 30, as is common with such At suitable points, the vat is also provided with rings 3| by which it may be handled. These rings are located at the centers of'arcuate bands 33 which more or less embrace the inner shell and are firmly secured to the same. The vat is also provided with a pair of legs 34 which expose of giving thevat a proper inclination to the horizontal. Perhaps the inclination is: most 0 Y A suitable agitatoris provided for the vat. Thisincludes an agitatingshaft 31 to which suitable blades 38 are attached. The shaft has a bearing 39 uponthe-inner shell 20, at its lower are suitably secured to the top of the vat by legs 42. Obviously when the motor is driven the shaft is rotated and the contents of the vat are agishaft 31 and protects the interior .of the vat'from oil or other impurities" that may'tend to pass along the shaft. This construction is the same as that shown in .the application of Timothy Mojonnier et al., Serial No. 322,770, filed March '7, 1940,v issued as Patent No. 2,277,526, dated that there are a number of uprightparalleil tubes connected'a't their ends by headers. 'These are all located within the space'between the shells 20 and 22 of the vat. These tubes are made up of angle members which, in the present instance,

These angle members, designated 45 and 46, are fitted to the inner cylinder wall 20 of the vat. The member46 is a channel iron having comparatively short legs or flanges which are se- The next angle member is an angle iron 45 having one long leg or flange and one short one.

"Thelong flange is secured to' the adjacentmember 46, preferably by welding, and the short flange is likewise secured to the shell 20. All the 7O othermembers areangle irons 45, like the one 'just described,- and each is similarly connected the long flanges form a substantial face. 75

or cutoff the supply. It ls open during opera- The face formed by these arcuate angle members 45, 46 is provided with a row of apertures 48 of relatively small diameter, at the inlet point, and a similar series of relatively large diameter openings 49, at the upper ends oi these members, at their outlet points; Thus are the armate tubular passages formed which carry the refrigerant from the inlet point to the outlet points.

In a specific case, where the cross section of the tube has an area of substantially 3 inches by 1 inches, the-small openings 48 are each a 1 inch hole and the large openings 49 are 1% inches in diameter. This is merely given by way of illustration.

At the inlet points is a header 50. It covers the a openings 48 and extends lengthwise of the vat.

This inlet header 5!] is located at a central lower point and is inclined downward and forward, the same as the bottom of the vat. The opposite ends of the header 50 are provided with flanges 5| which are fitted against the face formed by the channel members. This header is preferably secured in place by welding.

Likewise outlet headers 52 are provided at the two extremities of the tubular members 45, 46. Each extends horizontally and embraces all of the large openings 49 on its side of the vat. Each header 52 consists of a channel ironhaving leg or flange 53'and a long leg or flange 54. The long flange 54 closes the upper ends of each of I the channels formed by the channel members 45,

46. Each header 52 has its flanges 53 and 54 secured in place, preferably by welding. The ends of the headers 52 are provided with flanges 55. which also abut against the channel member 48 at the one end and against the channel member 45 which completes the tube structureat the other end. welding.

Thus, a refrigerant admitted to the inlet header so, is distributed: to each of'the refrigerating tubes through the small openings 48. Where ammonia is used, the same will. be in liquid form when it passes through the openings 48. As it passes upward through the refrigerating tubes, formed by the angle members45, 46, it will take up heat from the contents of the tank, and when it reaches the outlet .headers52, it will consist of gas, or gas and liquid mixed. This gas, or the mixture, will pass readily through the large'openmgs 49 into the outlet headers 52. 7

It will be obvious that the liquid ammonia, upon entering the header 50 will be under pressure. This will insure its passing to and through all the small openings 48. Hence there will'be a good and complete distribution to all'the tubes.

The refrigerant is conducted to the inlet header 50, through an inlet pipe 58, which'is passed through openings in the two shells, and an opening in the end flange 5| of the header 50. It is properly secured in place by Welding or otherwise, as may be desired. This'inlet pipe is controlled by valve 59 contained therein, which is closed whenit is necessary to repair thetank It is preferably secured in place by tion'.

Similarly, the outlet headers 52 are provided I with outlet pipes 60 located at the ends of the headers 52. These pipes pass through openings in the outer shell 22 and openings in the headers 52, and, like the pipe 58, are properly welded in place. Each pipe Bil-is bent 'so as to extend around-the end of the vat in the manner'indicated in Fig. 10. There it meets with an auxilfor the drum 61.

the oil through discharge pipe 19.

iary p pe 6|, which extends horizontally, and to which it is coupled by coupling 62. At the cen-. ter, the two pipes 6I are connected to an upright pipe 63. The connection is made through a series of nipples 64 and couplings 65. The upright pipe 63 communicates with a short pipe 66 which extends upward into thersurge' drum 61, to a point near its top. The pipes 63 and 66 are connected by suitable coupling 68. Thus the surge drum is located well toward the top of the vat. It is provided with a pressure gauge 10 by which the pressure of the contained gas is indicated. An outlet pipe H is also provided It is connected to a nipple 12' by coupling 13 and extends down into the top of a trap 14. Where the nipples 66 and 12 pass through the drum 61, they are suitably secured in place, preferably by welding. The pipe H is sprung or bent, as shown in Fig. 3, so as to pass the transverse pi-pe 6|.

This trap 14 is mounted on a stand" and is connected by a pipe 16 with that end of the inlet pipe 58 which is. at the high end of the vat. A coupling 11 connects the two pipes. The pipe 1I passes well down into the bowl of the trap 14. Toward its lower end, the trap has a curved outlet pipe 18, which is open at its lower end, which lies well toward the bottom of the bowl. This outlet pipe 18 extends from the bowl of the trap outward and there connects with a. pipe 19, through an intervening valve 80. Thi valve is normally closed, but is opened from time to time .so as to draw off any foreign matterfrom the refrigerant. The oil is usually such foreign substance; Ordinarily lubricating oil is heavier than liquid ammonia and so settles down to the bottom of the trap bowl 14. When it is desired to empty the trap, it is only necessary to open the valve 80 and the pressure within throws out Itis then caught in a suitable vessel.

In addition to controlling the oil in this way, the forward end of the inlet header 50 is provided with a blow-off cock 82 in a connecting pipe 83 which serves as a blow-off outlet for the header. It communicates with a pipe 84 which may be led to a suitable accumulator or other device for catching the oil. This blow-off cook 82 may be operated when the valve 80 is operated. In this way, any additional accumulations oil within the inlet header are blown out of e system. It will be apparent that the trap 14, andthe header 50, will perform the functions of accumulating and discharging the foreign matter from the refrigerant, nomatter how the refrigerant is produced or forced through the system.

-In the present instance, I have shown one method of supplyinga refrigerant to the refrigerating tubes formed by the members 45, 46. By this method a liquid refrigerant is supplied to the interior of the surge drum 61. From the drum 61 it is fedthrough the trap 14 to the 'of the pipe 66 at the upper end. of the drum. There the gas will be separated from the liquid,

the liquid dropping down and the gas rising up, will pass oil through the opening provided. Where ammonia is used, a definite charge is through an outlet I01.

supplied to the system. Baiiles within the upper part of the surge tank prevent surging.

The gas which results'from the cooling action within the tubes formed by the members 45, 46, is collected and compressed, and cooled down again so as to return to its original liquid form.

93, upon one stroke of the piston of the compressor, and, upon the return stroke, it is compressed by reason of the valve 94, as is well known in such devices. The compressor is driven by any suitable means, such as theelectric motor 95. It is supplied from a. suitable source of electricity, through conductors 96, and, operating by means of belt 91, rotates the shaft 98 of the compressor. The crank and its parts are immersed in a body of oil 09, which, in the operation of the compressor, thoroughly lubricates all the parts. Some of the oil dashing'up, engages the piston and passes the piston rings IIO into the chamber occupied by the gas being compressed. Oil thus finds its way into the refrigerant. V In this connectiomit may be noted that suitable cut-ofl valves I00 and MI are shown in connection with the intake pipe 9| and the'outlet pipe I02 of the compressor. By closin these it is possible to remove the compressor for repair or other purposes.

The compressed refrigerant now passes through a cooling coil I03, and, as the sameis cooled, it becomes thoroughly liquefied in the container 7 I04. The supply of cooling water from the supply pipe I05, passing down over the coils, enables this end to be attained. A basin I06 below the coils, catches the water and it is carried off From the receiver I04, the refrigerant passes upward through a pipe I08, and on through astrainer I 09 into the interior of the float controlled valve 86.

When the valve 86, or the strainer I09, is out of order and needs repairing, then the liquid may be passed upward and into the top of the surge drum 61 through the by-pass formed by the pipes 'II2 and II 3, controlled by valves H4 and H5. In

operation, when the supply of liquid refrigerant in the surge drum 61 falls off, the'float I I6 of the float valve 86, by dropping down, opens up the valve 86 and allows the liquid refrigerant to flow into the surge drum. This will continue until the float, upon rising, cuts off the supply again.

The proper difference in pressure is maintained between the surge drum 61 and the pipe SI by a back pressure valve 89. Such a valve is shown in the patent of H. G. Mojonnier. No. 2,259,263; granted October 14, 1941, and need not be further described. By adjusting it the range of pressures within the pipe 9| may-be varied with a consequent variation in the degree of refrigeration. Other examples of back pressure valves are found in United States Patents No. 833,062, Krichbaum, granted October 9, 1906, and No. 1,141,975, Osborne, granted June 8. 1915.

The strainer I00 is also of simple construction and contains a screen or other means for straining th refrigerant.

. the surge drum 61.

vertical.

The float valve. 86 is shown herein, and oomprises a .hollow body II1 which is. closed at one end by head I I 8 and at the other end by a similar but apertured head II 9. Suitable bolts I and HI secure the heads to the body. The head H9 is threaded for the reception of a thread upon a boss I22, which is welded or otherwise secured to the adjacent wall of the surge drum-.61. This boss I22is'apertured for the passage or the float lever I23, which is pivoted to the body by transverse pin. I24. Thebifurcations I35, I36 at the end of the lever-I24, passeson opposite sides of a needle valve I25, which is threaded at its upper end for the reception of adjusting'nuts I26. Be-

tween the upperside of these nuts I 26 and a head on a vertically adjustable stem I21, is a coiled compression spring I28 which may be adjusted to place .a proper pressure upon the controlling float. The stem I21 is held in final adjusted position by a gland I29 which passes into a bonnet I30, screwed into the top of the body H1. The

needle valv I cooperates with a suitable hushlower end, the transverse opening into the body I I1 communicates with the passageway I34. Into this passageway I34 entersa bushing I4I. bushing MI is provided with a central opening which is interiorly threaded for the reception of the connecting pipe I44 by which it is connected to the strainer I06 and thus comes within the supply connection. It will be obvious that when the valve is operated, it will open and close the needle valve I25 and thus control the supply to Other float valves,.suitable for the purpose, are illustrated in United States Patents No. 604,018, Carmichael, granted May 17, 1898, and No. 1,886,468, Cornish, granted November 8, 1932.

The 3 I have further illustrated my invention in connectionwith a vat of the type illustrated in. Fig. 11, wherein the axis of the concentric cylinders is Therein the outer shell I is associated with an inner shell 6.. The vat construction is much the same as that heretofore described, but

the tubes for carrying the refrigerant are straight,

and vertically arranged and the headers are horizontal. In this instance, the vat is provided'with a top I41, which is suitably connected to the vertical walls formed by the vat cylinders I45 and I46. This top is provided with a manhole'.I48. A central gearing I42 driven by motor I40 rotates .the agitator shaft I5I, which is suitably mounted in a bearing on the bottom I53 01 the vat and provided with blades I 52, similar to the shaft 31 and the associatedblades 38 of'the other form of the invention.

. Here the vertical tubes are formed by angle irons I54, similar to the angleirons 45, in the preceding form of theinvention. These angle irons are nestedtogether within the space beflange I51 longer than the other I58. Here the inlet header I55 is provided with an inlet pipe I56 and the outlet header I 56 is provided with an outlet pipe I60. The vat is provided with suitable legs I 6|. There is also an outlet valve I62,

operated by handle 163, to withdraw the contents from the vat. The parts all operate in the same way as before described, in the case of the prior form of the invention. It will be noted that in Fig. 13, theportion of the figure towardthe left, has only the outershell and insulation re-- inner shell I46 and a portion of the angle member I 54, which is shown in section.

The lower header. I55 in this instance, is not shown inclined to the horizontal, as in the first form of'the invention. With this form, it will not be necessary'to employ the blow-oil? cook, but it will suflice to employ a trap I66 like the trap 14 H in the first form. This trap I66 is connected directly to the inlet pipe I59. It is the same as the trap 14 and is connected into the system in the same way. I

It will be apparent that the vat may be used in the handling of various liquids, indeed, with any liquid product. 'Thus, it has been used forthe cooling of milk products such as fresh milk, as

described, skim-milk, evaporated milk, cream, ice cream mix' and the like. It has'also been used for cooling egg meat. c

In making up the vats, various partsare composed of metal, as will be obvious. Where milk is stances, other metals may be used. Ground cork or other. insulation may be used as the heat in= sulating material.

It will also be recognized that the areas of insulation may be varied to suit the requirements in any particular case. The construction lend itself easily to such variation. I

In carrying out the invention, it will be apparent that-other alterations and modifications may be made in the construction shown, without departing from the spirit and scope of the same. Accordingly, it is desired that the terms of the appended claims be construed so as to cover such alterations and modifications. 5

I claim:

1. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending downward and forward so as .to give the bottom of the vat a downward and forward inclination. a series of arcuate angle members between said shells bearing against the inner shell, said members providing a.series of arcuate tubes .for conducting a refrigerant, an 'inlet header for the tubes located in the lower half of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating of said tubes through large openings-an'inlet' pipe communicating with said inletheade'r, an outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within saidouter shell aboutsaid tubes, and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet header and outlet pipe, means for' variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, and a blow-off cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

2. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending downward and forward so as to give the bottom of the vat a downward and forward inclination, a series of arcuate angle members between said shells bearing against the inner shell, said members providing a series of arcuate tubes ior conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower half of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through small openings, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through large openings, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header at its high end, an outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within said outer shell about said tubes and headers; refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet header and outlet pipe, means for variously setting said'refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, a trap near the upper end of said inlet header for removing foreign matter from the refrigerant, and a blow-oil cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

3. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending substantially horizontally, a series of arcuate angle members located between said shells and bearing against the under side of said inner shell over a considerable area lying on both sides of a central point, said members providing a series of arcuate tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header at said central point located between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes at said central point through small openings, a pair of outlet headers for the tubes located between said shells and adjacent to the separated ends of the tubes, said outlet headers having their interiors communicating with the interiors of said tubes through large openings, an inlet pipe communicating with said centrally disposed inlet header, a pair of outlet pipes communicating respectively with said outlet headers, a heat insulating material within the outer shell around said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet headers and outlet pipes in parallel, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, and a blow-off cock at the forward end of said inlet header.

4. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending substantially headers having their interiors communicating with the interiors of said tubes through large openings, an inlet pipe communicating with said centrally disposed inlet header, a pair of outlet pipe communicating respectively with said outlet headers, a heat insulating material withinthe outer shell around said tubes and headers, re-

frigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet headers and outlet pipes in parallel, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, a trap located in the piping of said refrigerating means to collect foreign matter that may be contained in the refrigerant on itsway to said inlet header, and a blow-off cock at the forward end of said inlet header. l

5. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending downward and forward so as to give the bottom of the vat a downward and forward inclination, means cooperating with said inner shell to provide a series of arcuate tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower half of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through openings which are in cross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of said inlet header, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through openings which have a cross-sectional area about four times that of said first mentioned openings, an inletpipe communicating with said inlet header, an outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within said outer shell about said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet header and outlet pipe, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, and a blowoff cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

6. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending downward and forward so as to give the bottom of the vat a downward and forward inclination, means cooperating with said inner shell to provide a series of arcuate tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower half of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively small openings, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher.

shell about said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce, the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet header and outlet pipe, said refrigerating means including a compressor, some of the lubricating oil from which compressor in operation necessarily mingles with and contaminates the refrigerant, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, a trap for collecting oil deposits separated from said refrigerant by gravity, said trap being near the upper end of said inlet header and being provided with an outlet, a valve for controlling said outlet operative when opened to discharge accumulators of oil due to the pressure within the trap, and a blow-off cock communicating with the lower portion of 'said inlet header to blow off the oil not taken up by's'aid trap but accumulated in said inlet header.

7. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and'an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending substantially horizontally, means located between said shells and co-operating with said'inner shell to provide a series of arcuate tubes for conducting a refrigerant, said tubes lying on either side of a central point, an inlet header at said central point located between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes at saidcentral point through openings which are in cross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of said header, a pair of outlet headers for the tubes located between said shells and adjacent to the separated ends of the tubes, said outlet headers having theirinteriors communicating with the interiors of said tubes through openings which have a cross-sectional area about four times that of the first mentioned openings, an inlet pipe communicating with said centrally disposed inletheader, apair of outlet pipes communicating respectively with said outlet headers, a heat insulating material within the outer shell around said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet headers and outlet pipes in parallel, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, and a blow-off cock at the forward end of said inlet header.

8. A vat of the class described, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an 'outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, the axes of the cylinders being coincident and extending substantially horizontally, means located between said shells and co-operating with said inner shell to provide a series of arcuate tubes for conducting a refrigerant, said tubes lying on either side of a central point, an inlet header at said central point located between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes at said central point through relatively small openings, a pair of outlet headers for the tubes located between said shells and adjacent to the ends of the tubes, said outlet headers having their interiors communicating with the interiors ofsaid tubes through relatively large openings, aninlet pipe communicating with said centrally disposed inlet header, a pair of outlet pipes communicating respectively with said outlet headers, a heat insulating material within the outer shell around said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to introduce the refrigerant to said tubes'through said inlet pipe and inlet header and to withdraw the same therefrom through said outlet headers and outlet pipes'in parallel, said refrigerating means including a compressor, some of the lubricating oil from which compressor in operation necessarily mingles with and contaminates the refrigerant, means for var iously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, a trap for collecting oil deposits separated from said refrigerant by gravity, said trap being located in the piping of said refrigerating means adjacent to the inlet of said inlet header, and a blow-oil cock at the outlet end of said inlet header to blow off the oil not taken up by said trap but accumulated in said header.

9. A cold wall vat for cooling a liquid under treatment with a refrigerant readilyva-porizable at ordinary temperatures, comprising an inner shell and an outer shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and spaced from the outer shell and cooperating with said inner shell to provide a series of substantially upright parallel tubes for conducting the refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes also located between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes, an inlet pipe for communicating with said inlet header, said'inlet pipe and header being adapted to receive the refrigerant in liquid form, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes. the same readily passing the refrigerant after it has been heated by the liquid within the vat and thereby becomes gasified, a cooperating outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, heat insulating material within the outer shell about saidtubes and headers, a trap, means for supplying said refrigerant in liquid form to said inlet pipe and header through said trap and withdrawing the refrigerant in gasifled form from said outlet pipe and header, said means including a compressor which in operation necessarily passes small amounts of lubricating oil into the refrigerant, the trap serving to catch the oil separated from the refrigerant by gravity, said trap being provided with an outlet, and

a valve for'controlling said outlet operative by pressure from within to discharge accumulations of oil-from the trap.

10. A cold wall vat for cooling a liquid under treatment with a refrigerant readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures, comprising an inner shell and an outer shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and spaced from the outer shell and co-operating with said inner shell to providea series of substantially upright parallel tubes for-conducting the refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes also located between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively small openings, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header, means for supplying said refrigerant in liquid form to said inlet pipe and header, the small openings between said header and tubes being incross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of the header whereby a substantially equal supply of liquid will be furnished to said tubes, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively large openings, each said large opening being in cross-sectional area approximately four times that of said small opening whereby they readily receive and pass the refrigerant which has been g'asiiied by the heat abstracted from the liquid being treated, a cooperating outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, and a heat insulating material within the outer shell about said tubes and headers.

11. A vat of the class described for cooling a- 7 liquid under treatment by a refrigerant readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and cooperating therewith to provide a series of tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower part of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively small openings, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header, the small openings between said header and tubes being in cross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of the header thereby insuring a substantially equal supply of liquid refrigerant to said tubes, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively large openings, each said large opening being in crosssectional area approximately four times that of said small opening thereby readily passing the refrigerant after it has been heated by the liquid within the vat and thereby has become gasifled, a cooperating outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within said outer shell about said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to supply the liquid refrigerant and to withdraw the gasifled refrigerant, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, and a blow-ofi cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

12. A vat of the class described for cooling a liquid under treatment by a refrigerant readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures, comprising an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and cooperating therewith to provide a series of tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower part of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header, said inlet pipe and header being adapted to receive the refrigerant in liquid form, an outlet header for the tubes also located sarily passes small amounts of lubricating oil into the refrigerant, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at different degrees of refrigeration, a trap serving to catch the oil separated from the refrigerant by gravity, said trap being near the upper end of said inlet header and having an outlet,

a valve for controlling said outlet operative by pressure from within to discharge accumulations of oil from the trap, and a blow-oil. cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header to blow of! the oil not taken up by said trap but allowed to collect in said header.

13. A vat of the class described for cooling a liquid imder treatment by refrigerant readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures, comprising an, inner shell and an outer shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and co-operating therewith to provide a series of tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower part of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively small openings, said inlet header-being inclined downward from the horizontal, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header, said inlet pipe and header being adapted to receive the refrigerant in liquid form, the small openings between said header and tubes being in cross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of the header whereby a substantially equal supply of liquid will be furnished to said tubes, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relativelylarge openings, each said large opening being in cross-sectional area approximately four times .that of said small opening whereby the openings readily receive and pass the refrigerant that has been gasifled by the heat abstracted from the liquid being treated, a; cooperating outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within said outer shellabout said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to supply the liquid refrigerant and to withdraw the gasifled refrigerant, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at diil'erent degrees of refrigeration, and a blow-off cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

14. A vat of the class described for cooling a liquid under treatment by refrigerant readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures, compris ing an inner shell and an outer shell, spaced apart, means between said shells bearing against the inner shell and co-operating therewith to provide a series of tubes for conducting a refrigerant, an inlet header for the tubes located in the lower part of said vat and between said shells and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively small openings, said inlet header being inclined downward from the horizontal, an inlet pipe communicating with said inlet header, said inlet pipe and header being adapted to receive the refrigerant in liquid form, the small openings between said header and tubes being in cross-sectional area each about one-tenth that of the header whereby a substantially equal supply of liquid will be furnished to said tubes, an outlet header for the tubes also located between said shells but at a higher level than said inlet header and having its interior communicating with the interiors of said tubes through relatively large openings, each said large opening being in cross-sectional area approximately four times that of said small opening whereby the open ings readily receive and pass the refrigerant that has .been gasifled by the heat abstracted from the liquid being treated, a cooperating outlet pipe communicating with said outlet header, insulation within said outer shell about said tubes and headers, refrigerating means operative to supply the liquid refrigerant and to withdraw the gasifled refrigerant, means for variously setting said refrigerating means to provide the refrigerant at diiferent degrees of refrigeration, a trap near the upper end of said inlet header for removing foreign matter from the refrigerant, and a blow-off cock communicating with the lower portion of said inlet header.

TIMOTHY MOJONNIER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2, 520,551 7 June 1, 19M.

TIMOTHY MOJONNIER.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, first column, line 5,'for "froward" read forward-; line 19, for "gap 50" read "cap 30- page 6, first column, line 27, claim 6, for "accumulators" read -accumu1ations--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case inthe Patent .Office.

Signed and sealed this 20111 day of July, A. D. 1915.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

